Hypertension (High Blood Pressure)
Understanding your blood pressure numbers, risk factors, and treatment options.
Overview
Hypertension — high blood pressure — is often called the 'silent killer' because it causes no symptoms while quietly damaging your heart, arteries, kidneys, and brain. Nearly half of American adults have hypertension, and many don't know it. The good news: with the right combination of lifestyle changes and medication, blood pressure can be effectively controlled and serious complications prevented. At Lemon-AID Medical Management, blood pressure management is a cornerstone of our preventive care approach.
Key Points
- Normal blood pressure is below 120/80 mmHg. Stage 1 hypertension begins at 130/80 mmHg.
- Hypertension has no symptoms — the only way to know is to measure it.
- Uncontrolled hypertension is a leading cause of heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure.
- Lifestyle changes — diet, exercise, weight loss, and reduced sodium — can lower blood pressure significantly.
- Most people with hypertension need medication in addition to lifestyle changes to reach their goal.
Signs & Symptoms
- Usually no symptoms — hypertension is detected through blood pressure measurement
- Severe hypertension may cause headache, dizziness, or nosebleeds
- Hypertensive crisis (BP above 180/120) can cause chest pain, vision changes, or confusion
- Long-term uncontrolled hypertension may cause shortness of breath or swelling
- Symptoms of end-organ damage: vision changes, decreased urine output, neurological symptoms
Causes & Risk Factors
- Primary (essential) hypertension — no single identifiable cause; develops over years
- Obesity, physical inactivity, and high-sodium diet
- Family history and genetic predisposition
- Secondary causes: kidney disease, thyroid disorders, sleep apnea, certain medications
- Chronic stress, excessive alcohol use, and smoking
Treatment Options
When to See a Doctor
Get your blood pressure checked at every medical visit. If your reading is consistently at or above 130/80, schedule an appointment to discuss a management plan. Seek emergency care immediately for blood pressure above 180/120 with symptoms like chest pain, severe headache, or vision changes.
This article is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Please consult a Lemon-AID Medical Management provider for diagnosis and personalized treatment.